War+of+1812

CAUSES LEADING TO WAR
War of 1812 - Section 4: Why did the United States go to war with Britain, and what was the outcome of that war? "//Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled//, //That war be and the same is hereby declared to exist between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the dependencies thereof, and the United States of America and their territories" "It is, whether we will resist by force the attempt, made by britain, to subject our maritime rights to the arbitrary and capricious rule of her will....Sir, I prefer war to submission. This unjust and lawless invasion of personal liberty, calls loudly for the interposition of this government...."// 1812 Declaration of War In 1809 the United States enacted the Nonintercourse act, which stated the\at we would resume trade with whichever country (Britain or France) lifted their trade restrictions on our ships.In 1810 Macon's Bill No. 2 restored trade with both countries. The bill promised that if either of the two countries acknowledged America's neutrality then we would resume trading sanctions with the other country. President Madison ordered sanctions against the British when the French agreed to withdraw decrees against American ships, even though the French continued to seize American ships. In 1811 some War Hawks such as Juan C. Calhoun and Henry Clay began taking led n Congress. Hating the impressment of American sailors and the British support of Native Americas, they began to demand war with Britain in order to bring back national honor. In June of 1812 Congress declared war on Britain. The issues that brought the war of 1812 to the Americans was the disagreement between joining the british or joining the french as allies also since we as Americans attempted to trade with both England and France this caused Napoleon to stop our trade with England by seizing our ships. Though America remained neutral even after the oppression the French placed upon the ships of the US. http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=951 http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1989/HWW.htm http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/jamesmadison/

=**War Breaks Out**= //“**Who are we? And for what are we going to fight? Are we the titled slaves of George the Third? The military conscripts of Napoleon the Great? Or the frozen peasants of the Russian Czar? No—we are the free born sons of America; the citizens of the only republic now existing in the world; and the only people on earth who possess rights, liberties, and property which they dare call their own.”**// // -Andrew Jackson//

In June of 1812, President James Madison pushed congress towards war because of a few important factors. These included impressment, Britain clashing with American trade and the avid support of Native American ambushes on American settlers. The military of the Americans left much to be desired in means of the minimal army and navy, both of which were deeply lacking. Dividing the nation in two, Madison barely managed to rise above and become reelected later in the year, as America plunged yet again into battle with the most powerful country of that time.

As Madison's adviser, Thomas Jefferson suggested that when it came down to an invasion of Canada, victory looked nearly guaranteed. Since America's population was around 8 million, defeat of Canada's population of a mere 250,000 seemed it would be a relatively easy task. This was recommended in order to save America additional money and troops for the navy that would be needed to fight Great Britain overseas. It was argued that the on-call militias formulated by average citizens of America would be all that is needed in order to defeat Canada; there would be little need for a professional army and high expenses. In 1812 and 1813, it was discovered that Jefferson's assumptions were a great overestimation of America's power. They were swiftly defeated by small Indian and British forces in Canada. Because they were not professional, the militias often broke rank and ran when attacked, proving to be a very faulty force. William Hull surrendered to Isaac Brock's small British army and Indians led by Tucumsah in Detroit, showing that even the actual American armies were not properly functional. The invasion embarrassed the American nation and failed greatly.
 * Invasion of Canada Fails**

//"We have met the enemy and they are ours."//
//-Oliver Hazard Perry, 1813//

In 1812 the American navy seized four British ships. Led by Oliver Hazard Perry, America defeated a small fleet of British ships in 1813 on Lake Erie. This event then helps the Americans, directed by Harrison, to take back Detroit. The Americans defeated all the Indian allies with Britain. However, the Americans did not take Canada. Harrison destroyed Tecumseh in October 1813. Andrew Jackson also destroyed the Creek Indians that allied with Britain. The Indians surrendered their land to Jackson to make peace. Jackson then invaded the Seminole Indians and took the fort in Pensacola.
 * Defeating the Native Americans**

Before 1814, the British were in Europe fighting with the French. When the French dictator lost, it freed many British and they went to help invade America. The British started by blockading the navy and sent troops on land. One British troop took eastern Maine, crushing the small and weak local armies. Another British troop was sent in from Montréal to attack New York. A third force went to Washington, D.C through Maryland. The fourth attack was in New Orleans through the Gulf of Mexico. Even though it seemed the British were going to win with the attacks, the American’s did well to defend their country. However, the British manage to take Maine and the national capital. They got to the capital through the Chesapeake Bay then they burned down the White House. When the British tried to attack Baltimore the suffered in a defeat. “The Star-Spangled Banner” was wrote by Francis Scott Key who watched the American victory. The American Navy won on Lake Champlain and forced the British back to Canada.
 * The British Invade**



Work Cited: http://www.bartleby.com/66/53/30353.html http://www.gatewayno.com/history/War1812.html http://www.september11news.com/Sept11HistoryLakeChamplain1812.jpg http://www.shmoop.com/did-you-know/history/us/the-war-of-1812/key-quotes.html

__**The Hartford Convention**__ Federalists met in December 1814, in Hartford, CT. Federalist delegates met to consider secession from the union. the party disagreed with war from beginning. After a victorious war, the Federalists were embarrassed as there amendment demands reached Washington, D.C. at the same time as the Treaty of Ghent. Americans were empowered with nationalism and confidence in their republican government. As a result of the of the war and its outcome, the federalist party died before 1820.